Glucosamine sulfate potassium chloride (1296149-08-0) Physical and Chemical Properties
Glucosamine sulfate potassium chloride
A potassium salt complex of glucosamine sulfate supplied as a crystalline/ powdered raw material for use in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical formulation, sourcing and R&D where counter‑ion profile and moisture control are important for specification and processing.
| CAS Number | 1296149-08-0 |
| Family | Amino sugar sulfate salts |
| Typical Form | Powder or crystalline solid |
| Common Grades | EP, USP |
Glucosamine sulfate potassium chloride is an organic salt composed of two glucosamine units associated with sulfate and potassium counterions and chloride. Structurally it belongs to the amino-sugar sulfate salts: each glucosamine residue (2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose) provides multiple hydroxyl groups and a primary amine, while the sulfate moiety introduces a highly polar, multiply charged anion; potassium and chloride serve as inorganic counterions in the stoichiometric mixture. The material is therefore best described as a multicomponent ionic assembly rather than a single covalently bonded small molecule.
The compound exhibits very high polarity and extensive hydrogen-bonding capacity (multiple hydroxyls and an amino group per sugar unit). These features confer strong aqueous solubility and very low organic solubility, pronounced hydration/hygroscopicity, and minimal lipophilicity. The salt composition dictates neutral overall formal charge but pH-dependent micro-speciation at the sugar amine and protonation states of the inorganic components; acid–base behavior is dominated by the protonatable amine(s) on the sugar residues, and oxidative or thermal degradation pathways center on sugar dehydration, deamination and desulfonation chemistry under harsh conditions.
Available composition and descriptor data emphasize the multicomponent salt character and high polarity (large topological polar surface area and many hydrogen-bond donors/acceptors). Common commercial grades reported for this substance include: EP, USP.
Basic Physical Properties
Solubility and Hydration
The molecular composition and descriptor profile (large topological polar surface area and numerous hydrogen-bond donors/acceptors) indicate that this substance is highly hydrophilic and expected to be readily soluble in water and aqueous media and essentially insoluble in nonpolar organic solvents. The presence of multiple hydroxyl groups and the sulfate counterion promotes strong binding of water molecules; the material is commonly encountered as a hydrated or hygroscopic solid in practice. Conformer generation for a single neutral covalent structure is not appropriate for this substance because it is a salt/mixture of discrete ionic components, which is reflected by component and covalently-bonded unit counts.
Thermal Stability and Decomposition
No experimentally established value for thermal decomposition temperature is available in the current data context. Qualitatively, amino-sugar sulfate salts are thermally labile relative to simple inorganic salts: dehydration, deamination, and desulfonation reactions may occur on heating, leading to complex decomposition products (sugar fragmentation, polymerization and char formation). Thermal processing should therefore be approached cautiously and monitored for discoloration, loss of mass, or off-gassing.
Chemical Properties
Complex Formation and Coordination
The inorganic potassium cations associate with the sulfate moiety and with oxygen-rich regions of the sugar residues through electrostatic and coordination interactions; chloride is present as an additional counterion in the multicomponent solid. The solid-state structure—when characterized—tends to be stabilized by an extensive hydrogen-bond network linking sugar hydroxyls, ammonium sites (when protonated), and sulfate oxygens. The very large topological polar surface area and high counts of hydrogen-bond donors (12) and acceptors (18) support dense intermolecular hydrogen bonding in both crystalline and hydrated forms.
Reactivity and Stability
The primary amine on glucosamine is the most nucleophilic site and is the center of common chemical transformations (protonation, N-acylation, and Schiff-base formation under appropriate conditions). Under strongly acidic or basic hydrolytic conditions, glycosidic and sugar-ring degradation pathways can become relevant. The sulfate component is generally stable in neutral aqueous environments but can undergo desulfonation under strongly reducing or strongly acidic thermal conditions. In solution, the material displays pH-dependent speciation owing to protonation of the amino groups; no quantitative acid–base constants are available here. Exposure to strong oxidizers or prolonged elevated temperatures should be avoided to minimize oxidative or dehydrative degradation.
Molecular Parameters
Molecular Weight and Composition
- Molecular formula: C12H28Cl2K2N2O14
- Molecular weight: \(605.5\ \mathrm{g}\,\mathrm{mol}^{-1}\)
- Exact mass: \(603.9912431\ \mathrm{Da}\)
- Monoisotopic mass: \(603.9912431\ \mathrm{Da}\)
- Heavy atom count: 33
- Covalently-bonded unit count: 7
Descriptor values indicate a complex multicomponent assembly rather than a single covalent structure, consistent with a salt composed of multiple organic and inorganic species.
LogP and Ionization State
No experimentally established value for logP (partition coefficient) is available in the current data context. Qualitatively, the compound is strongly hydrophilic and will partition overwhelmingly into the aqueous phase rather than into nonpolar solvents. The overall formal charge for the assembled material is reported as 0 (neutral multicomponent salt), while individual organic components (glucosamine residues) carry protonatable amino functionality. The defined stereocenter count is 8, and the substance is canonicalized for computational representation.
Identifiers and Synonyms
Registry Numbers and Codes
- CAS: 1296149-08-0
- UNII: 15VQ11I66N
- RXCUI: 1789517
- InChI: InChI=1S/2C6H13NO5.2ClH.2K.H2O4S/c27-3(1-8)5(11)6(12)4(10)2-9;;;;;1-5(2,3)4/h21,3-6,9-12H,2,7H2;21H;;;(H2,1,2,3,4)/q;;;;2+1;/p-2/t2*3-,4+,5+,6+;;;;;/m00...../s1
- InChIKey: ZGYRLIPOHALCCV-VQRMJQQYSA-L
- SMILES: C(C@HO)O.C(C@HO)O.OS(=O)(=O)O.[Cl-].[Cl-].[K+].[K+]
Synonyms and Structural Names
Depositor-supplied synonyms and names (as supplied) include: - Glucosamine Sulfate Potassium Chloride - 1296149-08-0 - UNII-15VQ11I66N - 15VQ11I66N - Glucosamine sulfate potassium chloride [WHO-DD] - Glucosamine sulfate potassium chloride [USP] - GLUCOSAMINE SULFATE (AS POTASSIUM CHLORIDE) - GLUCOSAMINE SULFPHATE (AS POTASSIUM CHLORIDE) - GLUCOSAMINE SULFATE POTASSIUM CHLORIDE [EP MONOGRAPH] - GLUCOSAMINE SULFATE POTASSIUM CHLORIDE [USP IMPURITY] - Glucosamine sulfate potassium chloride (USP) - GLUCOSAMINE SULFATE POTASSIUM CHLORIDE (EP MONOGRAPH) - GLUCOSAMINE SULFATE POTASSIUM CHLORIDE (USP IMPURITY) - dipotassium;(2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-amino-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyhexanal;sulfuric acid;dichloride - 2-Amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose sulfate salt - 216699-44-4 - ZGYRLIPOHALCCV-VQRMJQQYSA-L
Industrial and Commercial Applications
Use as Salt Form or Excipient
As a salt form of glucosamine, this potassium chloride-containing sulfate assembly is used where a water-soluble, stable source of glucosamine is required. The salt format improves handling and dosing accuracy relative to free amino-sugar oils or viscous forms and is suitable for incorporation into aqueous formulations, powders and solid oral dosage forms. Specified commercial grades (EP, USP) are reported, which indicates that pharmacopeial-grade material is available for regulated pharmaceutical or nutraceutical manufacture.
Representative Use Cases
Representative practical uses include formulation as the active amino-sugar component in dietary supplement and nutraceutical products, use as a raw material or intermediate where an ionic, water-soluble glucosamine source is required, and inclusion in analytical standards or reference preparations. No concise application summary beyond these general class-level uses is provided in the current data context; in practice the substance is selected based on the physicochemical properties described above.
Safety and Handling Overview
Toxicological Considerations
No experimentally established quantitative toxicological values (e.g., LD50) are available in the current data context. At typical use levels for amino-sugar salts, systemic acute toxicity is generally low, but the material can be an irritant to skin, eyes and respiratory tract in dust form and may cause adverse reactions in sensitized individuals. Occupational exposure should be controlled to minimize inhalation and skin contact; any formulation intended for human consumption must be evaluated for suitability, purity and potential allergenicity by appropriate toxicological assessment.
Storage and Handling Guidelines
Store in a tightly closed container in a cool, dry place protected from moisture and strong oxidizing agents. Because of its hygroscopic and highly water-soluble nature, keep packaging dry and limit exposure to humid air; use desiccated packaging where long-term stability is required. Handle with appropriate personal protective equipment (gloves, eye protection, and dust control measures). For detailed hazard, transport and regulatory information, users should refer to the product-specific Safety Data Sheet (SDS) and local legislation.
